Please note: As detailed in our JPR article and codebook, ROLE’s variables primarily capture individuals’ characteristics and backgrounds prior to their tenure as rebel leaders. For information that pertains to the present (such as whether or not a leader is deceased), and for leaders who were still active at the end of 2018, the variables are coded as of December 31, 2018.
A
Abbas, Maldoum
Abdelkarim, Mahamat
Abdi, Abdilqadir
Abubakar, Omar
Aden, Abdi Nasser
Adjei-Ampofo, Edward
ag Boula, Rhissa
Ahmad, Ahmad
Ahmadi, Haji
Ahmed, Abdirahmah
Ahmed, Abdullahi
Ahmed, Muhammed
Ahmed, Riyaale
Ahmeti, Ali
Aidid, Hussein
al-Baghdadi, Abu Umar
al-Beidh, Ali
al-Hakim, Muhammed
al-Masri, Abu Ayyub
al-Mirghani, Mohammed
al-Nairab, Kamal
al-Rantisi, Abdel Aziz
al-Shafi'i, Abu Abdullah
al-Tufayli, Subhi
al-Turki, Hassan
al-Wuhayshi, Nasser
al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab
Alambo, Aghali
Anako, Muhammed
Ardzinba, Vladislav
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand
Asturias, Rodrigo
Athor, George
Aung, Naing
Aweys, Hassan
Ayana, Dawud
Ayro, Aden
B
Baburyan, Garen
Bachar, Alarit
Bahanga, Ibrahim
Baluch, Dhahir
Bamuze, Ali
Bari, Magarsa
Baruah, Paresh
Barzani, Masoud
Bautista, Nicholás
Baw, Tamla
Bemba, Jean-Pierre
Bembe, António
Bemey, Elkey
Bianchi, Roger
bin Laden, Usama
Boban, Mate
Bozizé, François
Brahma, Upendranath
Brunswijk, Ronnie
Bugti, Akbar
Bugti, Brahamdagh
Bupeh, Khu Hte
Bwiswmauthiary, Sanchuma
C
Calvo, Óscar
Cangoz, Cafer
Canlás Sison, Joma
Cano, Alfonso
Caraballo, Francisco
Carpio, Cayetano
Cartolini, Néstor
Cayón, Jaime
Cedras, Raol
Cerén, Salvador
Chaoren, Irengbam
Chávez, Hugo
Chbouti, Abdelkader
Compaoré, Blaise
Coulibaly, Ibrahim
D
Daimary, Ranjan
Daoud, Ali
Dayak, Mano
Debbarma, Biswamohan
Debbarma, Ranjit
Deby, Idris
Delgado, Álvaro
Deli, Gaspard
Dembo, António
Denard, Bob
Dennis, Ekow
Derey, Alex
Desta, Amsha
Dhlakama, Afonso
Di Tiro, Hassan
Dilbo, Galassa
Diraige, Ahmed
Djeramian, Ngarbaroum
Djotodia, Michel
Doe, Samuel
Doh, Felix
Doherty, Eamon
Dokubo, Asari
Dubale, Wolde
Dudayev, Dzhokhar
E
Erdimi, Timane
F
Fa, Pang
Flores-Hala, Florindo
Fofana, Mohammed
G
Gaas, Mahmouda
Gadet, Peter
Gai Yoach, James
Gassiyev, Znaur
Gousmi, Cherif
Guet, Goukouni
Guillén Vicente, Marcos
H
Habre, Hissene
Hadzic, Goran
Hamza, Mustafa
Hattab, Hassan
Hayat, Fazal
Hel-Bongo, Maurice
Heng, Moh
Hijri, Mustafa
Hissene, Abdoulaye
Hobeika, Elie
Honasan, Gregorio
Hra, Lanyaw
Hrangkhawl, Bijoy
Htoo, Johnny
Htoo, Luther
Hussain, Altaf
Husseinov, Suret
I
ibn Oumar, Acheikh
Ibrahim, Abdullah
Ibrahim, Kaji
Ibrahim, Khalil
Igasan, Yasser
Iliescu, Ion
J
Jalil, Mustafa
Jalolov, Nadzhmiddin
Jamatiya, Nayanbasi
Janjalani, Abdurajik
Janjalani, Khadaffy
Jashari, Adem
Javadov, Rovshan
K
Kabila, Laurent
Kabura, Cossan
Kagame, Paul
Kallay, Foday
Kamougue, Wadel
Karadzic, Radovan
Karatasi, Etienne
Karayilan, Murat
Karumba, Joseph
Kayiira, Andrew
Kette, Moise
Khalili, Karim
Khalis, Muhammad
Khaplang, Shangwang
Khudoberdiyev, Makhmud
Kipgen, Thangboi
Kolelas, Bernard
Kolingba, André-Dieudonné
Kony, Joseph
Koroma, Johnny
Koty, Abbas
Koty, Eugene
Kucan, Milan
Kulumbegov, Torez
Kyin, Nai Shwe
L
Lamine, Issa
Larma, M.N.
Larma, Shantu
Latek, Odong
Lay, Htoo
Layada, Abdelhaq
Layne, Tamrat
Lissouba, Pascal
Londono, Rodrigo
Long, Pu Kyaung
Lukamba, Paulo
Lukoya, Severino
Lumago, Isaac
M
Madar, Yusuf
Mahmud, Abdulahi
Mahmud, Malik
Makulu, Jamil
Maldoun, Boda
Malik, Habier
Mandela, Nelson
Mané, Ansumane
Marri, Balach
Marri, Khari Baksh
Martic, Milan
Marulanda, Manuel
Mashaal, Khaled
Maskhadov, Aslan
Massi, Charles
Massoud, Ahmad
Mayardit, Salva
Mazari, Abdul Ali
McGuinness, Martin
McKevitt, Michael
Meetei, Senggoi
Mehsud, Baitullah
Mehsud, Hakimullah
Mergheni, Ahmed
Metayer, Buteur
Mezrag, Madani
Minnawi, Minni
Mishra, Pramod
Misuari, Nur
Mkrtchyan, Artur
Mohamed, Zahaby
Mojaddedi, Sibghatullah
Mok, Ta
Monsanto, Pablo
Morán, Rolando
Moukoko, Boutsi
Mudacumura, Sylvestre
Muhammed, Ibrahim
Muivah, Thuingaleng
Museveni, Yoweri
Mya, Saw Bo
N
Nasser, Ahmed
Navarro-Serrano, Megateo
Ndayikengurukiye, Jean-Bosco
Negusie, Merid
Nimely, Thomas
Nkunda, Laurent
Nkurunziza, Pierre
Norman, Samuel
Nouri, Mahamat
Nsemi, Ne Muanda
Ntaganda, Bosco
Ntoumi, Pasteur
Nujoma, Sam
Nur, Mamman
Nur, Romodan
Nuri, Sayed
Nyangoma, Leonard
Nyaro, James
O
Öcalan, Abdullah
Ochuka, Hezekiah
Odil, Usmon
Omar, Mohammed
Ona, Francis
Onusumba, Adolphe
Oris, Juma
Osman, Mohammed
Ospina, Ivan
Otai, Peter
Oueddei, Goukouni
Oukali, Rachid
P
Palacios, Anibal
Pao, Vang
Paraga, Dobroslav
Pathmanabha, Kandasamy
Peng, Chin
Pérez, Manuel
Petrosyan, Georgy
Petrosyan, Leonard
Phillippe, Guy
Polay, Víctor
Prabhakaran, Velupillai
Puerta Aponte, Gabriel
Pwe, Saw Lah
R
Rahman, Omar
Rajavi, Massoud
Rajkhowa, Arabinda
Ramírez, Óscar
Ranariddh, Norodom
Rao, Ganapathi
Rawlings, Jerry
Rebu, Himmler
Reh, Plya
Reyes, Luis
Rodriguez, Andres
Rojas, Ernesto
Rutskoi, Aleksandr
Rwarakabidje, Paul
Rwasa, Agathon
Rwigyema, Fred
S
Sa, Khun
Sa'adat, Ahmed
Sahiron, Radulan
Sahraoui, Nabil
Salamat, Hashim
Salas, Rodolfo
Saleh, Ibrahim
Sann, Son
Sanyang, Kukli
Sassou-Nguessou, Denis
Savimbi, Jonas
Saydullayev, Adbul-Khalim
Sayyaf, Abdul
Seetharamaiah, Kondapalli
Seid, Moussa
Seng, Maran
Serk, Yawd
Sesay, Issa
Shalah, Ramadan
Shaqaqi, Fathi
Sharafkandi, Sadegh
Shekau, Abubakr
Sihanouk, Prince
Silanyo, Ahmed
Singh, Achamba
Smirnov, Igor
Soro, Guillaume
Sri Sabaratnam, Mohan
Swu, Isak Chisi
T
Tabu, Martin
Taha, Ahmed Rifa'i
Talabani, Jalal
Tambo, Oliver
Tanay, Shahnawaz
Tandou, Bernard
Ter-Petrossian, Levon
Thaçi, Hashim
Thaik, Aung
Than Lay, Aung
Thee Zun, Moe
Thein Tin, Ba
Thin Sein, Saw Ba
Tiago N'Zita, Henriques
Tiamzon, Benito
Tiburcio, Jose
Togoimi, Youssouf
Tudjman, Franjo
U
Urdoh, Mohammed
W
Wijayabahu, Keerthi
Wijeweere, Rohana
Y
Youxiang, Bao
Yunus, Mohammed
Yusuf, Muhammad
Z
Zitouni, Djamel
Zouabri, Antar
Zubak, Kresimir